A.I.

AI is about machines performing tasks normally requiring human intelligence

Visual perception, natural language processing, complex decision making (automated reasoning), artificial creativity, etc.
“AI is whatever hasn’t been done by computers yet” (Larry Tesler’s Theorem)
When AI solves a problem, it stops being considered AI and becomes part of everyday computing
So, in 1998, playing chess and optical character recognition were considered AI applications
Now, AI is more about autonomous robots and self-driving vehicles
In a few years time, these applications might not be considered AI anymore
AI is crossing into our everyday lives:
Face recognition, digital assistants, language translation and other applications on our mobile phones
New computer interfaces (e.g. non-invasive brain-machine interfaces)

Also known as Weak AI
Machines can perform a narrow set of specific tasks (e.g. play chess, sustain a dialogue with a human, identify faces in a picture, etc.)
Machine learning can be based on rules (reactive AI) or examples (limited memory AI)
Today’s AI is ANI

Also known as Strong AI
Machines possess human-like abilities to think and make decisions (theory of mind AI, self-aware AI)
In AGI, machines will be able to keep on learning by experience and develop their intelligence, much like humans do (but, presumably, faster and deeper)

This is just a hypothesis at this stage: machines with AGI might one day reach a stage where they are collectively (much) smarter than humans
Singularity

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