“If we knew what it was we were doing, it would not be called research, would it?”
Albert Einstein
“The element of chance in basic research is overrated.
Chance is a lady who smiles only upon those few who know how to make her smile.”
Hans Selye
“Oersted would never have made his great discovery of the action of galvanic currents on magnets had he stopped in his researches to consider in what manner they could possibly be turned to practical account; and so we would not now be able to boast of the wonders done by the electric telegraphs.
Indeed, no great law in Natural Philosophy has ever been discovered for its practical implications, but the instances are innumerable of investigations apparently quite useless in this narrow sense of the word which have led to the most valuable results.”
Lord Kelvin
“The way to do research is to attack the facts at the point of greatest astonishment.”
Celia Green
“The library is not, as some would have it, a place for the retiring of disposition or faint of heart.
It is not an ivory tower or a quiet room in a sanitarium facing away from the afternoon sun.
It is, rather, a command center, a power base.
A board room, a war room.
An Oval Office for all who preside over their own destinies.
One does not retreat from the world here; one prepares to join it at an advantage.”
Eric Burns, “The Joy of Books”
“I think that the thing I most want you to remember is that research is a ceremony.
And so is life.
Everything that we do shares in the ongoing creation of our universe.”
Shawn Wilson
“Like most arts, the link between the mind and the pen can chain you like an enslaved workaholic.
Even on an intended vacation you suddenly have this killer urge to record whatever the vacation may teach.”
Criss Jami, “Healology”
“What we find changes who we become.”
Peter Morville
The time will come when diligent research over long periods will bring to light things which now lie hidden.
A single lifetime, even though entirely devoted to the sky, would not be enough for the investigation of so vast a subject…
And so this knowledge will be unfolded only through long successive ages.
There will come a time when our descendants will be amazed that we did not know things that are so plain to them…
Many discoveries are reserved for ages still to come, when memory of us will have been effaced.”
Seneca, “Natural Questions”
Nothing can illustrate these observations more forcibly, than a recollection of the happy conjuncture of times and circumstances, under which our Republic assumed its rank among the Nations;
The foundation of our Empire was not laid in the gloomy age of Ignorance and Superstition, but at an Epoch when the rights of mankind were better understood and more clearly defined, than at any former period, the researches of the human mind, after social happiness, have been carried to a great extent, the Treasures of knowledge, acquired by the labours of Philosophers, Sages and Legislatures, through a long succession of years, are laid open for our use, and their collected wisdom may be happily applied in the Establishment of our forms of Government; the free cultivation of Letters, the unbounded extension of Commerce, the progressive refinement of Manners, the growing liberality of sentiment… have had a meliorating influence on mankind and increased the blessings of Society.
At this auspicious period, the United States came into existence as a Nation, and if their Citizens should not be completely free and happy, the fault will be entirely their own.
[Circular to the States, 8 June 1783 – Writings 26:484–89] George Washington, “Writings”
“The effort to understand the universe is one of the very few things that lifts human life a little above the level of farce, and gives it some of the grace of tragedy.”
Steven Weinberg
“Do research.
Feed your talent.
Research not only wins the war on cliche, it’s the key to victory over fear and it’s cousin, depression.”
Robert McKee
“Science is simply common sense at its best, that is, rigidly accurate in observation, and merciless to fallacy in logic.”
Thomas Huxley
“Cutting off fundamental, curiosity-driven science is like eating the seed corn.
We may have a little more to eat next winter but what will we plant so we and our children will have enough to get through the winters to come?”
Carl Sagan, “The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark”
“Science is simply common sense at its best, that is, rigidly accurate in observation, and merciless to fallacy in logic.”
Thomas Huxley
“The measure of greatness in a scientific idea is the extent to which it stimulates thought and opens up new lines of research.”
Paul Dirac
“An expert is one who knows more and more about less and less until he knows absolutely everything about nothing.”
Nicholas Butler
“Who’s to say what a ‘literary life’ is?
As long as you are writing often, and writing well, you don’t need to be hanging-out in libraries all the time.
Nightclubs are great literary research centers.
So is Ibiza!”
Roman Payne, “Cities & Countries”
Introspection is a form of self-management.
You reflect.
You decide.
You change.
You allow yourself to grow.”
Raoul Davis Jr., “Firestarters: How Innovators, Instigators, and Initiators Can Inspire You to Ignite Your Own Life”
“Shall we educate ourselves in what is known, and then casting away all we have acquired, turn to ignorance for aid to guide us among the unknown?”
Michael Faraday
“People who “go by the book“, need to research who wrote it.:
Carlos Wallace
“A good researcher is the one who reduces the distance between Imagination and Reality.”
P.S. Jagadeesh Kumar
“Part of research is testing the final product.”
Steven Magee
“Research is about making many connections that lead to discovery.”
Steven Magee
“RESEARCH IS NOT ABOUT WHAT YOU CAN PROVE, RESEARCH IS ALL ABOUT WHAT OTHERS FAILED TO PROVE, THE LAW OF RESEARCH.”
P.S. Jagadeesh Kumar
“Research always has a price.”
Silvia Moreno-Garcia
“Every seeker of truth is a progressive person.”
Aniekee Tochukwu Ezekiel
“In academia, the model that we are taught; that we are told in most fields – not the arts, and not the experimental sciences either – but many, many fields, [the model] is:
– You have an idea,
– You accumulate everything that anyone has ever written about that idea,
– You become familiar with what everyone has already said about it,
– And from there, you cobble together the pieces: the evidence either for or against your [idea], or you just review what they’ve done and you create something that’s a little bit new.
Over in science space I call this “Brick in the Wall Science”.
It’s valuable that some people are doing Brick in the Wall Science but you will always have the same foundation of the house that you started with with Brick in the Wall Science, and it’s possible the foundation of the house you started with is not the foundation that you want or that is true. […]
[With Brick in the Wall Science] you can’t have revolutionary ideas.
You can’t have paradigm shifts.”
“Research is formalized curiosity.
It is poking and prying with a purpose.”
Zora Neale Hurston
Research must continue to be the centerpiece of intellectual life, and our commitment to research must grow, because our problems are growing.
Ernest L. Boyer
“Somewhere, something incredible is waiting to be known.”
Carl Sagan
The time will come when diligent research over long periods will bring to light things which now lie hidden. A single lifetime, even though entirely devoted to the sky, would not be enough for the investigation of so vast a subject… And so this knowledge will be unfolded only through long successive ages. There will come a time when our descendants will be amazed that we did not know things that are so plain to them… Many discoveries are reserved for ages still to come, when memory of us will have been effaced.
In a first, Bitcoin developers have done something amazing amid the criticism over the lightning network and issues associated with it. A team of developers has made an international payment using the radio … Continue reading International payment using the radio waves→
My inspiration for this page was given to me by my new aquired friend, a fellow Truth Seeker – Joris and to whom I dedicate this page… Wish you… as well as to … Continue reading Discipline Quotes→
Bitcoin white paper turns 15 and the Legacy of Satoshi Nakamoto lives on. “I’ve been working on a new electronic cash system that’s fully peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party,” Satoshi Oct. 31, … Continue reading Bitcoin White Paper turn 15→
Mining Pool Payouts explained: PPS vs. FPPS vs. PPLNS vs. PPS+
What is a Mining Pool?
Mining Pools
A Mining pools is a hub where a group of Crypto currency miners share their processing power to the network in order to solve the blocks quicker.
The rewards will be split equally based on the amount of shares that they contributed in finding a block.
Pool mining was introduced during early Bitcoin mining days when solo mining became non-viable.
The more powerful your hardware is, the more shares you’ll submit, the more shares you submit, the more you’ll earn.
In order for the pool to pay its miners each pool uses its own payment scheme. Two of the most popular option is PPS and PPLNS.
Pay-Per-Share (PPS)Pay-Per-Last-N-Shares (PPLNS)
The first thing a miner has to decide is which pool mining payout is best for their requirements.
PROP (proportional), FPPS (Full Pay Per Share), SMPPS (Shared Maximum Pay Per Share), ESMPPS (Equalized Shared Maximum Pay Per Share), CPPSRB (Capped Pay Per Share with Recent Backpay), PPS (Pay Per Share), PPLNS (Pay Per Last N Share) and lastly PPS+ (Pay Per Share Plus).
Among them PPS and PPLNS are the two types of payment models that are mostly used by mining pools currently. Before we explain both PPS and PPLNS we’ll make a short note on mining pool.
There are numerous payment systems (over 15), but the vast majority of the pools operate on a PPS, FPPS, PPS+ and PPLNSbasis.
However, before trying to understand the different settlement models, it is important to come to a consensus on some terms used in crypto mining.
Block Reward: Block reward refers to the new coins issued by the network to miners for each successfully solved block.
Hashing Power: Hash rate is the speed at which a computer completes an operation in the cryptocurrency’s code. A higher hashrate increases a miner’s opportunity of finding the next block.
Luck: Luck, in mining, is the probability of success. Imagine that each miner is given a lottery ticket for a certain amount of hashing power they provide. If they are to provide 1 TH/s hashing power when the overall hashing power in the network is 10 TH/s, then they would receive 1 of 10 total lottery tickets. The probability of winning the lottery (in this case finding the block reward) would be 10%.
Transaction Fees: Some networks (like Bitcoin) also have substantial amounts of transaction fees rewarded to miners. These fees are the total fees paid by users of the network to execute transactions.
Pay-Per-Share (PPS)
PPS offers an instant flat payout for each share that is solved. With this payment method, a miner gets a standard payout rate for each share completed. Each share is worth a certain amount of mineable cryptocurrency.
After deducting the mining pool fees, the miners are given a fixed income every day. Therefore, under the PPS mode, the returns are relatively stable. Miners are exposed to risk here. They may not get the transaction fees.
It is ideal for low priced orders for an extended period. This model becomes lucrative during a bearish run of a particular coin.
Pay-Per-Last-N-Shares (PPLNS)
With this payout, profits will be allocated based on the number of shares miners contribute. This kind of allocation method is closely related to the block mined out. If the mining pool excavates multiple blocks in a day, the miners will have a high profit; if the mining pool is not able to mine a block during the whole day, the miner’s profit during the whole day is zero.
Notably, in the short term, the PPLNS model is highly correlated with a pool’s luck. If the luck factor of a particular mining pool decreases in the short term, the miner’s income will also decrease accordingly (the opposite case of the mining pool being lucky in the short term is possible too). However, in the long term, the luck factor tends to average out to the mean.
Hence, this model is ideal for fixing orders on a big pool that has a high chance of finding a block within the order time limit. Or a standard order which will have miners connected for a longer time.
Pay Per Share + (PPS+)
PPS+ is a blend of two modes mentioned above, PPS and PPLNS. The block reward is settled according to the PPS model. And the mining service charge /transaction fee is settled according to the PPLNS mode.
That is to say, in this mode, the miner can additionally obtain the income of part of the transaction fee based on the PPLNS payment method. This was a major drawback in the PPS model.
Full Pay Per Share (FPPS)
With this pool payout, both the block reward and the mining service charge are settled according to the theoretical profit. Calculate a standard transaction fee within a certain period and distribute it to miners according to their hash power contributions in the pool. It increases the miners’ earnings by sharing some of the transaction fees.
With the PPS and FPPS payment methods, you will get paid no matter if the pool finds a block or not. This is the most significant advantage over PPLNS. The risks and rewards are higher with the PPLNS plan.
The decision on which mining plan to choose from needs to be preceded by the decision of choosing the right mining infrastructure.
Difference between PPS vs PPLNS payment models?
PPLNS
PPLNS stands for Pay Per Last (luck) N Shares. This method calculates your payments based on the number of shares you submitted during a shift.
It includes shift system which is time based or by number of shares submitted by the miners on the pool.
Your pool may find blocks consistently or in overtime it may have huge variations in winning a block and that ultimately affects your payments. PPLNS greatly involves luck factor and you’ll notice huge fluctuations in your 24 hour payout.
If you maintain your mining on a single pool then your payouts will remain consistent and it only differs when new miners join or leave the pool.
PPS
Pay Per Share pays you an average of the number of shares that you contributed to the pool in finding blocks.
PPS pays you on solid rate and is more of a direct method which completely eliminates luck factor.
In PPS method regardless of the pools lucky at winning blocks you’re going to get 100% payout at the end of the day. This is because there is a standard payout set for each miners based on their hash power.
It won’t be more than 100% or less than that and with this PPS method you can easily calculate your potential earnings.
On the other hand with PPLNS payment system on average you can either get more than 100% or less than that. It is based on how lucky the pool is at finding blocks.
Should I choose PPS or PPLNS?
This is one of the common questions most miners have initially.
Should I choose Pay Per Share or Pay Per Last N Share pools?
If you are the person who don’t switch pools often then PPLNS is definitely for you as such pools are good at rewarding its loyal miners.
Pay Per Share: No matter what, if you need a fixed payouts at the end of the day to liquidate or for whatsoever reason then your choice would be PPS.
Pay Per Share works well for large mining farms who can calculate and have statistics based on their mining power.
PPS is good for large miners but really bad for pool owners as there is a guaranteed payout for work no matter if the pool hits the block or not.
For this reason and because of pool hoppers (not loyal miners of the pool) most of the mining pools have switched to PPLNS payment model.
Pay Per Last N Shares: If you are the one that is looking to accumulate and hold more coins then PPLNS is recommended.
For each block that your pool finds you’ll get a share based on your hashrate.
Unlike PPS, in PPLNS you’ll get payouts more often and in the long run you’ll be rewarded more with PPLNS than PPS.
However due to huge variance it’s really hard to calculate your mining income.
PPLNS is good for both mid-range miners and pool owners as the payouts is only based on the blocks found.
If your pool is more lucky then you’ll see payments more often. This is the reason why miners stick to a pool where there is more hash power assuming the pool finds block very often.
You can find more comparison of mining pools payment system here.
How to find out if a pool is PPS or PPLNS?
Cryptocurrency mining can be a lucrative process. However it’s very important that you find out what payment scheme your pool is using before committing your hashing power.
Most of the mining pools has this information listed on FAQ page or at payouts page. If you’re unable to find this information then the only option is to contact the pool support.
Hope the information on this page is helpful for you to decide the right mining pool.
In a first, Bitcoin developers have done something amazing amid the criticism over the lightning network and issues associated with it. A team of developers has made an international payment using the radio … Continue reading International payment using the radio waves→
My inspiration for this page was given to me by my new aquired friend, a fellow Truth Seeker – Joris and to whom I dedicate this page… Wish you… as well as to … Continue reading Discipline Quotes→
Bitcoin white paper turns 15 and the Legacy of Satoshi Nakamoto lives on. “I’ve been working on a new electronic cash system that’s fully peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party,” Satoshi Oct. 31, … Continue reading Bitcoin White Paper turn 15→
In a first, Bitcoin developers have done something amazing amid the criticism over the lightning network and issues associated with it. A team of developers has made an international payment using the radio … Continue reading International payment using the radio waves→
My inspiration for this page was given to me by my new aquired friend, a fellow Truth Seeker – Joris and to whom I dedicate this page… Wish you… as well as to … Continue reading Discipline Quotes→
Bitcoin white paper turns 15 and the Legacy of Satoshi Nakamoto lives on. “I’ve been working on a new electronic cash system that’s fully peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party,” Satoshi Oct. 31, … Continue reading Bitcoin White Paper turn 15→
In a first, Bitcoin developers have done something amazing amid the criticism over the lightning network and issues associated with it. A team of developers has made an international payment using the radio … Continue reading International payment using the radio waves→
My inspiration for this page was given to me by my new aquired friend, a fellow Truth Seeker – Joris and to whom I dedicate this page… Wish you… as well as to … Continue reading Discipline Quotes→
Bitcoin white paper turns 15 and the Legacy of Satoshi Nakamoto lives on. “I’ve been working on a new electronic cash system that’s fully peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party,” Satoshi Oct. 31, … Continue reading Bitcoin White Paper turn 15→
In a first, Bitcoin developers have done something amazing amid the criticism over the lightning network and issues associated with it. A team of developers has made an international payment using the radio … Continue reading International payment using the radio waves
My inspiration for this page was given to me by my new aquired friend, a fellow Truth Seeker – Joris and to whom I dedicate this page… Wish you… as well as to … Continue reading Discipline Quotes
To all my readers from the bottom of my heart I wish you Happy Holiday among family and friends, a jolly Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year and may 2024 bring you … Continue reading Merry Christmass and A Happpy New Year to all
Bitcoin white paper turns 15 and the Legacy of Satoshi Nakamoto lives on. “I’ve been working on a new electronic cash system that’s fully peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party,” Satoshi Oct. 31, … Continue reading Bitcoin White Paper turn 15
BitHouse 