Controlled Supply

Bitcoin

“A fixed money supply, or a supply altered only in accord with objective and calculable criteria, is a necessary condition to a meaningful just price of money.”

Fr. Bernard W. Dempsey, S.J. (1903-1960)

In a centralized economy, currency is issued by a central bank at a rate that is supposed to match the growth of the amount of goods that are exchanged so that these goods can be traded with stable prices. The monetary base is controlled by a central bank. In the United States, the Fed increases the monetary base by issuing currency, increasing the amount banks have on reserve or by a process called Quantitative Easing.

In a fully decentralized monetary system, there is no central authority that regulates the monetary base. Instead, currency is created by the nodes of a peer-to-peer network.

The Bitcoin generation algorithm defines, in advance, how currency will be created and at what rate. Any currency that is generated by a malicious user that does not follow the rules will be rejected by the network and thus is worthless.


Currency with Finite Supply


Block reward halving
Controlled supply

Bitcoins are created each time a user discovers a new block. The rate of block creation is adjusted every 2016 blocks to aim for a constant two week adjustment period (equivalent to 6 per hour.)

The number of bitcoins generated per block is set to decrease geometrically, with a 50% reduction every 210,000 blocks, or approximately four years. The result is that the number of bitcoins in existence will not exceed slightly less than 21 million.

Speculated justifications for the unintuitive value “21 million” are that it matches a 4-year reward halving schedule; or the ultimate total number of Satoshis that will be mined is close to the maximum capacity of a 64-bit floating point number. Satoshi has never really justified or explained many of these constants.

Cumulated bitcoin supply

This decreasing-supply algorithm was chosen because it approximates the rate at which commodities like gold are mined. Users who use their computers to perform calculations to try and discover a block are thus called Miners.





21M or Death


21 Million or Death
Arise…

The supply of Bitcoin is fixed at 21 million BTC, and as a hard coded monetary policy of the protocol, the fixed supply of the dominant cryptocurrency cannot be altered.

Former Google Product Director Steve Lee stated that only 1 percent of the world’s population can own more than 0.28 BTC, due to the fixed supply of Bitcoin.

In late 2017, Chainalysis, a blockchain forensics company that monitors and investigates cryptocurrency transactions, revealed in a research paper that up to four million BTC are permanently lost on the blockchain as a result of theft, loss of wallets and private keys, and the dormant wallet of Bitcoin creator Satoshi Nakamoto, which experts have said is no longer accessible.

Kim Grauer, Senior Economist at Chainalysis, said at the time, that the lost supply of BTC is not taken into consideration by the market cap.That means, the real price of BTC could be substantially higher, as 4 to 6 million BTC are estimated to be lost.

Based on the estimate that the supply of Bitcoin is around 17 million, only 0.8 percent of the world population can own more than 0.28 BTC and less than 0.2 of the world population can own more than 1 BTC.

The 0.28 BTC figure introduced by Lee assumes the supply of Bitcoin to be 21 million, as it divides 21 million by 0.28 and divides the outcome of that by the world population that is 7.442 billion. If the research of Chainalysis is accurate and that 4 to 6 million BTC are lost on the blockchain, the supply of Bitcoin should be closer to around 16 to 17 million

The fact that any investor in the global market can be within the 1 percent of the world population with a $1,830 investment demonstrates that the cryptocurrency market is still at its early phase, and in terms of adoption, market development, infrastructure, and regulation, the sector can still grow significantly in the mid to long-term.


Hal Finney

There is no “Whole Coin”





CoinMarketCap.com is LYING to everyone while profiting from it

CoinMarketCap.com is LYING to everyone while profiting from it

CoinMarketCap.com, the Number 1 website in the crypto-currency industry, is showing immensely fraudulent and scam information (on purpose) to its users. As a site that is used frequently for reference points by many news organisations, trading outlets, companies, informational sites and individuals, it would be in the best interest of the community to write about what has been really going on with this “trusted resource”.

The research indicates that multiple attempts to fix information by many coins on CoinMarketCap.com through contacting them through their support requests or online social media sites such as BitcoinTalk.org, reddit.com and other places has gone unanswered, ignored and/or explicitly overlooked/denied. By explicitly overlooked/denied, after contacting their support with up-to date and obviously correct information, they refuse to update the data. Many hundreds of coins on CMC are affected very negatively (or positively) by this. A lot of them have given up trying to get CMC to put correct data on their site, and have made sticky posts in their own respective forums as to this issue instead.

It is believed that there is massive insider trading going on with the employees, owners and others involved with CoinMarketCap. The research, including talking to multiple coin creators, shows anomalous buying of coins between times that the coin creators asked CMC to list their coin (through their google form) and between when it actually gets listed on the site. This could mean that CMC insiders know that certain coins will pump, and go on a buying spree to front-run the listing of the coin and the public market sentiment. This can be seen over and over again when analysing the action on coins when being listed.

Pump and dumps are also being actively allowed and managed by the team at CMC without the knowledge of the coin creators or coin communities themselves. This can be seen by the direct manipulation of the circulating supply of some coins. CMC puts the circulating supply as very high at certain points (increasing the market cap), then drops it down to a much lower number later (lowering the market cap). This moves these coins up or down their numbered list causing massive buys and sell offs at the whim of CMC. Luckily this fraud can only be made to happen once or twice with each coin as the public outcry from the coin communities (sometimes) usually puts an end to it one way or other.

There is also evidence of CoinMarketCap effectively “killing” off coins as it sees fit. How does it “kill” a coin? Well it removes it’s circulating supply to “?” or a very low number arbitrarily, and keeps it there for a prolonged period. As the coin goes lower and lower in the rankings, daily volume on the coin dies off until such a time that it is zero (even though the teams behind the coins are still active and growing their ecosystems). This leads to exchanges delisting the coin, and the ecosystem being entirely dead after a period of time. There is plenty of evidence of coin communities complaining and coin creators “begging” CMC to update their information with no luck. CMC literally decides which coin lives or dies with it’s own agendas. In defence of CMC, some coins do lose their circulating supply due to faults of the coins (the data end-points for circulating supply stop working on the servers provided initially by the coins), but many are brought down even with the objections and outcry of the coin creators and communities behind them.

Also of concern is the possible bribery of CMC officials and other nefarious behaviors that could very obviously be extrapolated from their current actions. What if one coin paid a handsome sum to CMC to make sure a “competitor” would have lower market cap? How do you make them have a lower market cap? Easy, refuse to update the circulating supply to what the real numbers are and instead show an arbitrary number of their choosing. This can also be seen on many of the coins listed on CMC. There is ample evidence of coins complaining publicly on many forums yet CMC taking it’s own numbers without any explanation or acknowledgement.

Another area of concern is the outdated/incorrect information of many of the coins listed on CMC. Official coin links being broken or unresponsive, including the main websites, wrong daily volumes (not updated in days or weeks), and hugely different circulating supplies (from those you can officially see on the respective blockchains of the coins themselves) are just some of the additional problems that ring alarm bells with us.

Because of these issues, (and many others including the pseudonymousnature of the founders and team members) we believe it is in the best interest of the entire community to get behind this initiative and make big noise until such a time that CoinMarketCap updates their site to show correct information, or another resource is created/promoted that shows correct and up-to date data on their website. Number 1 can go down to Number 0 very quickly in the space with the right community backlash.

Some may say that these issues may be due to incompetence of the team at CMC or them having limited resources. One of the parts of our analysis will take a much closer look at what kind of income CoinMarketCap really makes. You would be surprised. CMC is one of the most profitable businesses in the entire industry. The user is the product. The ads are the money maker. There are backroom deals, and much more happening beyond the scenes that the public does not know.

Most people here are concerned about centralised mining cartels, hardware producers, banks, governments, regulators and/or core developers being points of issues in this industry. We strongly believe that none of those come even close to comparing to the obvious fraud that has been going on at CoinMarketCap for many years.

The volume of money that is traded on information taken from CMC alone pales every other issue into oblivion. If traders are making buys and sells according to falsified data on CoinMarketCap.com, then they are being manipulated and lied to in one of the biggest frauds in the entire crypto-currency space.

You will be shocked at the level of incompetence, negligence, fraud, and outright lying that CMC perpetuates, but at the lack of information about this so far in this industry. For a community that prides itself on self-regulation through transparency and openness, it should be ashamed at not having blown this massive fraud into the public eye much sooner.

We owe it to the community to make sure resources (especially the Number 1 site in the industry) are not being placed in positions to freely commit fraudon this scale ever again.

This has been a very intense effort in data gathering, reporting and analysis.